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Selective NSAIDs reduce the effects of a chemical called cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which occurs naturally in the human body. There are 2 forms of COX. The first, called COX-1, controls many normal functions, including protecting the stomach and intestine from damage. The second, called COX-2, plays a role in the development of inflammation. Signs of inflammation include pain, swelling, and loss of function. Because COX-2 inhibitors reduce the effects of COX-2 without significantly affecting COX-1, they reduce inflammation while being less likely than nonselective NSAIDs to affect the stomach or intestine.

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