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NSAIDs reduce the effects of a chemical called cyclooxygenase (COX), which occurs naturally in the human body. There are 2 forms of COX. The first, called COX-1, controls many normal functions, including protecting the stomach and intestine from damage. The second, called COX-2, plays a role in the development of inflammation. Signs of inflammation include pain, swelling, and loss of function. Because nonselective NSAIDs reduce the effects of both COX-1 and COX-2, they have desirable effects like reducing inflammation as well as undesirable effects, potentially causing stomach upset or the formation of ulcers in the stomach or intestine.

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